div-Wua-eUb-dka-jtuld
  

Ltd-tK-vkf jjtK ePgs-Dpg-Wca-RUh

wNaLfn tYs EkEbk

SlaDp1

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GaVp 1519 xpjRulrhktIjjvvapJjtpgxlldjfpaDksRlvLtd

Wls-Vk-ak-xk

dka-jfpa-Dks-lhlx-Ltd-WiJs-DI-lPf

jxugl-rhk-Rhln-Vp-dbla xK-aYf-jRok-Hfh-tbls-jRul-lhlx-Ltd-jVia-jDugl-DI-lPf. xia-jVia-dka-jfpa-Dks-Dpg-nkc-aka jjtK lia-SK-tkn-rtkn. xp-jRul-rhk-tI qhlx-tUd-jRul-lpd 270 Woa-Hfh-jfpa-Dks-lld-Fkd-VK-jDf-jjlif-eK-Vkn-Ga-Vp 1519.

qcd-jwok-Hfh-VK-eov-div-Hq-lia-SK-tkn-SbksA-Ga-DK-jt. ebca-Grnb-jjthc-jRul-FK-BUb-Hd-Fkd-jjQba-fPa-rtkn, vmg-cbk-tUd-jRul-FK-rtNc-HV-Dks-Gf-dm-Skx qcd-jwok-dm-FK-jria-jjSb-aO-xK-rk-eK-rxYf dka-rtos-Dks-Fygs-ek-xkf-jdpf-wyJa-Hfh-vmg-nkd. Chk-qcd-jwok-rtos-Dks, lk-rka jjtK aO-wls-qcd-jwok-dm-FK-rxof jjtK qcd-jwok-FK-Skn-jjab-ala. Ga-dka-jfpa-Dks-lhlx-Ltd-jDugl-DI-lPf tUd-jRul-rtkn-Woa-Hfh-jen-EpcPf. xp-xuJ-raygs qcd-jwok-rPc-jwoJk-rtkn-Foa-Shls-dPa-ekn-rais-Dpg-GEh-QUd-Qhk-Gv-jRul.

QUh-aI-Ga-dka-LFx-Sp-Ekc-jjlif-eK-Vkn-xp-Eug-cbk: tk-VU tk-VU. jqPga-WPf-Cud-jjthc-Dpg-jria-cbk-qcd-tUd-jRul-jVia-Soc-lia-SK-tkn jqkK-cbk-lpd-rhk-ePv-Vp-Smg-xk jjlif-eK-Vkn-dm-Hfh-jwoJk-nyf-zp-tPv-VPa. VK-FY-via-apJ tk-VU tk-VU Cud-nod-Grh-jVia-cP-tK-vU-tYf-jjrbs-VK-jDf-zp-tPv-VPa.

jxugl-Gf-dm-Skx-Dpg-qcd-jwok-qov-jjQba-fPa qcd-jwok-dm-FK-qk-dia-wyJa-Zigs jqugl-HV-Eld-lk-rka-eof jjtK aO, jjSb-jxugl-aiJa-tUd-jRul-dm-FK-qov-qmJ-div-lia-SK-tkn-rtkn-wyJa. Ga-VK-jDf-zp-tPv-VPa tUd-jRul-Dpg-Rbcx-jfpa-Dks-jDugl-DI-lPf Cud-Woa-Dhls-CPga-LFx-Sp nhla-qcd-jwok-jEugl-cbk qcd-tUd-jRul-Shls-dka-FK-xk-Byf-jlok-jjQba-fPa-wls-qcd-jwok-HV. qcd-Woa-Dhls-CPga-Fygs-Hfh-whk-tUd-jRul-Ekc-jjlif-eK-Vkn-HV-FI-aca-rtcs-rtkn.

ebca-lia-SK-tkn-Dpg-eYf-Ga-dka-jfpa-Dks-WiJs-apJ-vmg-jjxba-jdpf-xk-Fkd-xK-aYf, jjSb-xk-Fkd-DI-xK-Ekf. dka-jfpa-Dks-Fkd-xK-rk-eK-rxYf-lif-tis-SPd-HV-nis-xK-rk-eK-rxYf-Vk-Ep-zPd jRul-Shls-Qbka-lk-jx-TP-dk-HV-dbla. lk-jx-TP-dk-jraul jjtK lk-jx-TP-dk-GSh SPf-dia-fhcn-jjQba-fPa-ahlnA. jqugl-FK-HV-Grh-jCPs-lpd-zkd-raygs-wls-lk-jx-TP-dk, jRul-Shls-jjtba-Qbka-jjF-jjrtx-GSh-wls-lk-jx-TP-dk-GSh jEPgs-jdulv-Rlf-DK-cpv-lis-Skd-SPd-Dpg-rakc-jBia.

qk-nY-RYa-jjRs-Hfh-Eif-Geb-jRul Ga-wK-aK-Dpg-qcd-jwok-dI-tis-jjtba-jRul-Qbka-Ebls-jjWv-apJ. jRul-vks-tI-jCPs-wiJa-VpJa-wcO jjtK Fox-tos-Ga-DK-jt. vks-tI-dm-SI-Geb-div-dhla-rpa-Dpg-jvPgs-vmg-jria jjthc-tUd-jRul-Dis-rxof-dm-Fox-tos-Ga-aO-jBia-Wu-div-aO-dhla. jRul-rhk-tI jjtK tUd-jRul-lpd 270 Woa-Dpg-jfpa-Dks-lld-Fkd-VK-jDf-jjlif-eK-Vkn-Ga-Vp 1519. lpd-ekx-Vp-Smg-xk nis-jrtul-jjSb-tI-fNc jjtK tUd-jRul-qNs-jjSb 18 Woa-Dpg-Hfh-jfpa-Dks-div-xk-jCPs-VK-jDf-jjlif-eK-Vkn.

Wckx-HZb-Zia-jtugls-Wls-aO

jVia-jc-tk-ekx-eK-SK-cif via-fk-VK-jDf-xK-rk-lI-akf-jjrbs-DK-cpv-jlp-Tov-Hfh-eoa-DK-ak-dia-jCPs-Wckx-FI-jVia-wls-Wls-aO jEPgs-FK-Shls-Sif-Qbka-jjQba-fPa-ahlnA-Dpg-jEuglx-Smg-tK-rcbks-lk-jx-TP-dk-jraul jjtK lk-jx-TP-dk-GSh. jqugl-Grh-jRul-ek-xkf-jjtba-Fkd xK-rk-eK-rxYf-lif-tis-SPd-HV-rk-xK-rk-eK-rxYf-Vk-Ep-zPd-Hfh-sbkn-wyJa. jjSb-jjQba-fPa-aiJa-jVia-qU-jwok-eK-rtiv-Eiv-Ehla-jwoJk-dia. dka-wYf-jRif-Wls-aO-Shls-Hfh-nod-nhkn-qU-jwok-rtkn-rabcn-lld-HV, jjSb-jDid-La-Lt-Bp-Ga-eK-Hrx-aiJa-nis-vmg-ek-xkf-jRif-Hfh-jDugl. jCPs-FK-jda-jlok-Woa-ePv-qia-Woa-xk-jRif-cNd-jVia-rtkn-Rhln-Vp dm-vmg-xp-Dks-Dpg-FK-nod-qU-jrtogk-apJ-lld-HV-Hfh-jtpn.

jRul-Dis-rtkn-Fygs-nis-Shls-jfpa-Dks-lhlx-jjF-jjrtx-wls-lk-jx-TP-dk-GSh. jRul-rtkn-tI-Hfh-SI-Geb-dhla-rpa jjtK Fox-tos. jFoJk-wls-jRul-eK-jrap-Fbkn-jVia-jsPa-FI-aca-xK-rk-eka jqugl-Grh-jRul-wls-Soa-Hfh-whkx-HV-xk-tK-rcbks-els-xK-rk-eK-rxYf-fhcn-Wckx-Vlf-Hq.

ZTigs jjtK Smg-xk--lk-jx-TP-dk-dmgaI-GEh-jWuglsFid-wK-rakf-Grnb-jwoJk-Ga-dka-ehks-Wls-aO. els-qkv-jdogk-apJ-eK-jjfs-Grh-jria-cbk-qcd-jwokjRif-cNd-jjac-Gf.

eYf-Dhkn jDid-La-Lt-Bp-lia-Grxb-dm-jRif-Grh-Wckx-Zia-dkn-jVia-FPs. fPa-tK-jvpf (fkn-ak-Hx¾) Cud-VK-fPf-wyJa-Ga-Vp 1867. Lfn-dka-Ep-dhla-rpa-Grh-jVia-RU jjthc-Geb-tK-jvpf-jwoJk-HV jjthc-tK-jvpf-xia-lld. Woa-ska-ek-xkf-Wla-dhla-rpa-lld-xk-Hfh-Hcdcbk-Woa-GEh-wcka-roc-jjrtx. ePgs-VK-fPf-Grxb-lpd-lia-raygs-dm-Wu-Fid-lkn-aO jEPgs-Ebcn-woa-jlok-dhla-rpa-div-wpJ-fPa lld-HV-Hfh-Hc-dcbk-Dpg-FK-GEh-jjSb-Woa-div-WY. vm-tP-eif-raygs-wls-ZTigs-VK-dkf-cbk Soa-FK-wYf-Wls-Qbka-VK-jDf-Vk-ak-xk jqugl-jEuglx-Smg-xK-rk-eK-rxYf-lif-tis-SPd-div-xK-rk-eK-rxYf-Vk-Ep-zPd-Geb-dia. dka-jWugla-nhkn-qU-jwok-jVia-cNd-xp-Wbk-GEh-Fbkn-rtkn, jjSb-aid-cP-eK-cK-dla-Ekc-ZTigs-Hfh-Bux-jsPa-Fkd-via-fk-aid-tos-Dya. qcd-jwok-rcis-cbk-FK-Hfh-Riv-jsPa-Wua-Fkd-Wbk-Qbka-Dks-Dpg-jRul-jjSb-tK-tI-FK-Shls-Fbkn-jxugl-jjtba-Qbka-Wls-aiJa-HV.

Ga-Vp 1881 vm-tP-eif-wls-ZTigs-dm-jtpgx-wYf-jlok-qU-jwok-lld-HV. jjSb-lpd-jjVf-Vp-Smg-xk qcd-jwok-dm-nlx-jjqh jqkK-cbk-xp-Woa-ska-VK-xka 22,000 Woa-Skn-nhla-qK-nkf jjtK lY-vif-SP-jrf-SbksA. qcd-jwok-rk-dm-wYf-Wls-Hfh-rahln-fNc-jDogk-aiJa jsPa-wls-vm-tP-eif-dm-rxof-jjthc.

Ga-wK-aK-aiJa eK-rK-tif-lk-jx-TP-dk-dI-tis-jSpv-Grnb Fkd-VK-jDf-Dpg-raYbx-ahln dkn-jVia-VK-jDf-xK-rk-lI-akf-raygs-Ga-Ltd. aid-cP-eK-cK-dla-lk-jx-TP-dk-jEugl-cbk qcd-jwok-ek-xkf-jEuglx-els-xK-rk-eK-rxYf-Geb-dia-Hfh fhcn-Wckx-WPf-Dpg-jjSd-Sbks-Fkd-ZTigs.

fT. dm-dif Hfh-xp-Woa-ska-fhka-eY-wK-qkv-GEh-jWugls-qogaVKjDf-Vk-ak-xk-whk-nYs.

qcd-jwok-FK-vmg-nod-qU-jwok-lld, jjSb-FK-ehks-Wls-aO-Grh-Hrt-wyJa-jDPs-qU-jwok jjtK-Hrt-tos-HV-lpd-zkd-raygs-jjDa. jRul-FK-HSb-whkx-qU-Hfh-Lfn-dka-jjtba-jwoJk-Vkd-Wls-aO. rtis-Fkd-aiJa VK-SU-dm-FK-VPf Lfn-FK-ehks-jVia-rhls-wK-rakf-xK-Lr-tka-Grh-jRul-ek-xkf-tln-BUb-Ga-aiJa-Hfh. jxugl-Sugx-aO-Geb-Ga-rhls-Foa-jSix jjthc-jRul-dm-FK-tln-wyJa, rtis-Fkd-aiJa VK-SU-lpd-eoJa-raygs-wls-rhls-dm-FK-jVpf-lld jjthc-jRul-dm-FK-jjtba-jwoJk-HV-Ga-Wls-Dpg-eUs-dcbk jEPgs-jlpJa-cbk: VK-SU-Wls-aO.

jCPs-cbk-FK-vmg-nod-qU-jwok-lld xia-dm-nis-jVia-cNd-raid-BUb jjSb-fhcn-jDid-La-Lt-Bp Fygs-jRif-Grh-xia-jVia-HV-Hfh. rtis-Fkd-aiJa-dm-xp-via-rk-luga-jdpf-Skx-xk-Wu: qK-nkf.

lk-dkf-Rhla-EYbx-Ga-Vbk-Vk-ak-xk-xp-jEuJl-qK-nkf-rtkn-Bbks-Dpg-vmg-xp-Ga-jwf-lk-dkf-jBia-dcbk-wls-eK-rK-tif. Woa-Dhls-CPga-xp-vks-Bbks-jqugl-Ebcn-Shka-div-qK-nkf-jrtogk-apJ-Hfh, jjSb-Woa-Sbks-CPga-xid-FK-jVia-Hwh jjtK jen-EpcPf. lia-SK-tkn-Rhkn-jjRs-Dpg-eYf-Smg-Woa-Sbks-CPga jjxba-xk-Fkd-qK-nkf-els-Bbks-Wu: Hwh-jrtuls jjtK Hwh-Vbk.

Woa-Hwh-Vbk-ala-BUb-Ga-vbla-Dpg-xp-jjac--Vhls-dia jqugl-vmg-Grh-nYs-aI-jEuJl-qK-nkf-Fkd-qcd-jwok-HV-eUb-Woa-luga-lpd.

Lfn-dka-aI-GEh-jDid-La-Lt-Bp-lia-Grxb aid-cP-eK-cK-dla-Fygs-xp-Wckx-rxiJa-GFcbk qcd-jwok-FK-ek-xkf-ehks-Wls-aO-Hfh, jjSb-dm-nis-xp-Woa-FI-aca-rtkn-jen-EpcPf. Wos-vmg-xp-GQ-Bkd-xk-jRif-cNd-div-LWs-dka-Dpg-xp-Woa-Skn-jVia-FI-aca-rtkn-jjvv-apJf¾ld.

tif-CK-vka-eK-rK-tif-Hfh-eogs-Dbka-rxm-Eug-cbk: cP-tNx dm-dif (×éììéáí Çïòçáó) jqugl-HV-jjdh-Hw-via-rk-figs-dbkc. f-T. dm-dif jEuglcbk nYs-jjxba-qk-rK-aK-aI-jEuJl-Hwh-jrtuls jjtK Hwh-Vbk. Ga-Vp 1905 jqPga-jtpgx-DI-tkn-LS-nYs-Ga-wos-jwf-Dpg-dI-tis-ehks-Wls-aO.

VK-SU-Wls-aO-Cud-VK-fPf-wyJa-Ga-VK-jDf-Fpa. jtugls VK-SU-Wls-aO, fPa-tK-jvpf jjtK jWugls-Fid-lkn-aO xp-BUb-Ga-VyJx “dka-VK-fPf.” rhls-eK-rxYf-wls-Dbka-lkf-FK-xp-VyJx-roc-apJ-jjthc.

vbla-Gf-dm-Skx-Dpg-nYs-ek-xkf-jwoJk-HV-Hwb-Ga-aO-Hfh, f-T. dm-dif FK-woa-jlok-aO-lld-HV, QUh-dcf-dk-FK-jwoJk-HV-Ga-jRula-DYd-rtis jqugl-Eld-rk-HraO, rxmJ jjtK rals-ahln-Dpg-xp-aO-wis-BUb. Chk-jVia-rxmJ, Hr Dpg-GEh-eI-tiv-jdiv-aO QUh-dcf-dk-dm-FK-GEh-Zk-lif-Vkd-rxmJ, Hrjlok-Hch jqugl-vmg-Grh-nYs-vPa-jwoJk-HV-Hwb-Geb. Chk rxmJ, Hr Dpg-vmg-FI-jVia-Ga-dka-GEh-ska QUh-dcf-dk-dm-FK-DI-tkn-CPJx.

ald-Fkd-apJ-jjthc f-T. dm-dif nis-Hfh-eigs-Grh-DYd-Woa-Dpg-vmg-eK-vkn-nhla-qK-nkf-jrtogk-apJ-Shls-jjnd-lld-HV-qid-BUb-Ga-jwf-Vhls-dia-Sbks-rkd jqugl-vmg-Grh-nYs-dif-Woa-Dpg-xp-jEuJl jjthc-aI-qK-nkf-xk-rk-Woa-Dpg-xp-eY-wK-qkv-jjws-jjRs-Smg.

VK-dof-cbk nYf-DK-cP-Dp-wls-jqPga-Hfh-Qoa-fp. qkn-Ga-Vp-fNc-jDogk-aiJa Hwh-jrtuls-dm-Cud-tov-rkn-HV-Fkd-wos-jwf-aiJa jjtK Hwh-Vbk-dm-rtYf-tos-Bbks-rtcs-rtkn.

dka-jRif-cNd-Ga-Wls-Vk-ak-xk-Fygs-fI-japa-Smg-HV. Wls-figs-dbkc-Hfh-jVpf-aI-GEh-SiJs-jjSb-Vp 1914. SiJs-jjSb-aiJa-xk-jRul-SbksA-dm-ek-xkf-jfpa-Dks-Qbka-HV-xk-tK-rcbks-xK-rk-eK-rxYf-lif-tis-SPd jjtK xK-rk-eK-rxYf-Vk-Ep-zPd-Hfh-Hc jjtK Vlf-Hq-rtkn-wyJa.

divWuark WIaI Ü Ý Þ Þ Ý Ü SmgHV SlaDp2

div-Wua-eUb-dka-jtuld